Terms
We initially populated the dictionary with phrases for 27 drugs, 7 methods, 39 neurochemical, 56 pathologies, 29 white matter tracks, 124 brain regions, 345 cognitive functions, and 47 diseases. Brain region names and associated synonyms were selected from Brain Info (2007), Neuroscience Division, National Primate Research Center, University of Washington (see Bowden & Dubach, NeuroNames 2002, Neuroinformatics. 2003;1(1):43-59). Cognitive functions are from www.cognitiveatlas.org. Disease names are from www.ninds.nih.gov. The initial population of the dictionary represents the broadest, most common search terms that are also relatively unique (and thus likely not to lead to spurious connections).
Future versions of this site will make use of more sophisticated techniques (e.g., natural language processing) to more accurately parse term relationships. However, you may now suggest new terms to add to the database. Because we have to calculate the association of any given term with all other terms in the database, updates will occur only periodically to reduce the number of updates. We also hope to re-run the entire search monthly to more accurately reflect the current state of the literature.
Drug
| Term | Synonyms |
|---|---|
| amphetamine | amphetamines , amfetamine , alpha-methylphenethylamine , Adderall |
| ayahuasca | yage |
| caffeine | caffein |
| cannabis | marijuana , marihuana |
| cocaine | cocaine |
| datura | datura |
| dextromethorphan hydrobromide | dextromethorphan hydrobromide |
| dimethyltryptamine | dimethyltryptamine |
| donepezil | Aricept |
| gamma-hydroxybutyric acid | gamma-hydroxybutyrate , sodium oxybate , _-Hydroxybutyric acid |
| heroin | diacetylmorphine , diamorphine |
| ibogaine | ibogaine |
| ketamine | ketamine |
| lysergic acid diethylamide | lysergide |
| methadone | methadone |
| methamphetamine | desoxyephedrine , metamfetamine , methylamphetamine |
| methylenedioxymethamphetamine | ecstasy |
| methylphenidate | Ritalin |
| modafinil | Provigil |
| monoamine oxidase inhibitor | monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
| morphine | morphine |
| nicotine | nicotine |
| opiate | opiates |
| opioid | opioids |
| oxycodone | oxycodone |
| peyote | peyotl |
| psilocybin | psilocybine |
| salvia | salvia |
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors , serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor |
| tetrahydrocannabinol | delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol , dronabinol |
| tetrodotoxin | TTX |
| tobacco | tobacco |
Function
| Term | Synonyms |
|---|---|
| Blood-oxygen-level dependent | Blood-oxygen-level dependence |
| Eriksen flanker task | flanker , flanker task |
| Iowa Gambling | Iowa Gambling |
| Love | loving , loves |
| Pavlovian conditioning | Pavlovian conditioning |
| Posner cueing | Posner cueing |
| Posner cueing task | Posner task , Posner cueing |
| Stroop | Stroop |
| Wisconsin card sorting | Wisconsin card sort |
| abstract thinking | abstract thinking |
| acoustic processing | acoustic processing |
| action imitation | action imitation |
| action initiation | action initiation |
| action monitoring | action monitoring |
| action observation | action observation |
| action selection | action selection |
| affect perception | affect perception |
| affect recognition | affect recognition |
| aging | aging |
| altruism | altruistic |
| analogical problem solving | analogy problem solving |
| analogical reasoning | analogy reasoning |
| anger | anger , angry |
| anticipation | anticipatory |
| antisaccade | antisaccading , antisaccades |
| apparent motion | apparent motion |
| apparent movement | apparent movement |
| apperception | apperceptive |
| appetitive motivation | appetitive motivation |
| arousal | arousal |
| articulation | articulation |
| articulatory loop | articulatory loop |
| association learning | associative learning |
| attention | attentional |
| attentional blink | attentional blink |
| attentional capacity | attention capacity |
| attentional effort | attentional effort |
| attentional resources | attentional resources |
| attentional shifting | attentional shifts , attentional shift , attention shifts , attention shifting |
| attentional span | attention span |
| audition | hearing |
| auditory attention | auditory attention |
| auditory learning | auditory learning |
| auditory localization | auditory localization |
| auditory memory | auditory memories |
| auditory perception | auditory perception |
| auditory working memory | auditory working memories |
| autobiographical memory | autobiographical memories |
| autobiographical recall | autobiographical recall |
| automaticity | automaticity |
| aversive learning | aversive learning |
| awareness | awareness |
| backward digit span | backward digit span |
| backward masking | backward masking |
| behavioral inhibition | behavioural inhibition |
| biological motion | biological motion |
| blind spot | |
| categorical perception | categorical perception |
| category learning | category learning |
| causal inference | causal inference |
| central executive | central executive |
| classical conditioning | classical conditioning |
| cognition | cognition |
| cognitive aging | cognitive aging |
| cognitive control | cognitive control |
| cognitive development | cognitive development |
| cognitive dissonance | cognitive dissonance |
| cognitive effort | cognitive effort |
| cognitive load | cognitive load |
| cognitive map | cognitive maps |
| color discrimination | colour discrimination |
| color perception | colour perception |
| concept learning | concept learning |
| configural processing | |
| conflict monitoring | conflict monitoring |
| connectome | connectome |
| consciousness | consciousness |
| context memory | context memories |
| contextual knowledge | contextual knowledge |
| control network | control networks |
| convergent thinking | convergent thinking |
| creativity | creativity |
| crossmodal | cross-modal |
| crystallized intelligence | crystallized intelligence |
| deception | decieving |
| decision making | decision making |
| declarative knowledge | declarative knowledge |
| declarative memory | declarative memories |
| deductive inference | deductive inference |
| deductive reasoning | deductive reasoning |
| default network | default mode , default mode network |
| delay discounting | delay discounting |
| delayed match to sample | delayed match to sample |
| delayed nonmatch to sample | delayed nonmatch to sample |
| delayed recall | delayed recall |
| delayed recognition | delayed recognition |
| digit span | digit span |
| disgust | disgusted |
| distraction | distractible , distractibility , distract , distractions |
| divided attention | divided attention |
| edge detection | edge detection |
| emotion | emotional , emotions |
| emotion experience | emotion experiences , emotional experiences , emotional experience |
| emotion regulation | emotional regulation |
| emotion relevance | emotionally relevant |
| emotional bonding | emotional bonding |
| emotional intelligence | emotional intelligence |
| emotional memory | emotional memories , emotion memories , emotion memory |
| emotional perception | emotion perceptions , emotion perception , emotional perceptions |
| emotional recognition | emotion recognition |
| emotional suppression | emotion suppression |
| empathy | empathic |
| emulation | emulation |
| episodic buffer | episodic buffer |
| episodic learning | episodic learning |
| episodic memory | episodic memories |
| episodic recall | episodic recall |
| error detection | error detection |
| executive control | executive control |
| executive function | executive functions |
| explicit knowledge | explicit knowledge |
| explicit learning | explicit learning |
| explicit memory | explicit memories |
| eye contact | eye contact |
| eye movement | eye movements |
| eyeblink conditioning | eyeblink conditioning |
| eyelid conditioning | eyelid conditioning |
| face perception | face perception |
| face recognition | face recognition |
| facial expression | facial expression |
| false memory | false memory |
| familiarity | familiarity |
| fear | fear |
| feature detection | feature detection |
| feature extraction | feature extraction |
| figure ground | figure ground |
| fixation | fixation |
| fluid intelligence | fluid intelligence |
| focused attention | focused attention |
| forgetting | forgetting |
| form perception | form perceptions |
| free will | free will |
| functional connectivity | functional connectivity |
| gestalt | |
| go/no-go | go/no-go |
| goal formation | goal formation |
| goal maintenance | goal maintenance |
| gustation | taste |
| gustatory learning | gustatory learning |
| gustatory memory | gustatory memories |
| gustatory perception | gustatory perception |
| habit learning | habit learning |
| habit memory | habit memories |
| hallucination | hallucinatory , hallucinations |
| handedness | handedness |
| happiness | happy |
| hedonism | hedonic |
| humiliation | humiliated , humiliate |
| humor | comedy |
| iconic memory | iconic memories |
| implicit knowledge | implicit knowledge |
| implicit memory | implicit memories |
| imprinting | imprinting |
| inattention | inattentive |
| inductive inference | inductive inference |
| inductive reasoning | inductive reasoning |
| inhibition of return | inhibition of return |
| intelligence | intelligence |
| intentional forgetting | intentional forgetting |
| internal speech | internal speech |
| intrinsic motivation | intrinsic motivation |
| introspection | introspective |
| involuntary attention | involuntary attention |
| kinesthesia | kinesthetic |
| language acquisition | language acquisition |
| language comprehension | language comprehension |
| language learning | language learning |
| language processing | language processing |
| language production | language production |
| lateral thinking | divergent thinking |
| learning | learning |
| letter fluency | letter fluency |
| letter naming | letter naming |
| lexical encoding | lexical encoding |
| lexical processing | lexical processing |
| lexical retrieval | lexical retrieval |
| logical reasoning | logical reasoning |
| logical thinking | logical thinking |
| long term memory | long term memories |
| loss aversion | loss aversion |
| lying | lying |
| mathematical reasoning | mathematical reasoning |
| meditation | meditative |
| memory | memories |
| memory acquisition | memory acquisition |
| memory consolidation | memory consolidation |
| memory retrieval | memory retrieval |
| memory storage | memory storage |
| memory trace | memory traces |
| mental arithmetic | mental math |
| mental imagery | mental imagery |
| mental representation | mental representation |
| mental rotation | mental rotation |
| metacognition | metacognitive |
| metamemory | metamemories |
| metaphor | metaphors , metaphorical |
| mimickry | mimickry |
| mindfulness | mindfulness |
| mirror neuron | mirror neuron system , mirror neurons |
| morality | morality |
| morphological processing | morphological processing |
| motor control | motor control |
| motor imitation | motor imitation |
| motor learning | motor learning |
| motor memory | motor memories |
| motor planning | motor planning |
| motor sequence learning | motor sequence learning |
| movement planning | movement planning |
| multisensory | multisensory |
| multisensory integration | multisensory integration |
| multitasking | multi-tasking , multi-task , dual-task , dual-tasking |
| music comprehension | music comprehension |
| n-back | n-back |
| narrative | narratives |
| neurogenesis | neurogenesis |
| neuroplasticity | neuroplasticity |
| nondeclarative knowledge | nondeclarative knowledge |
| nondeclarative memory | nondeclarative memories |
| novelty detection | novelty detection |
| novelty processing | novelty processing |
| object categorization | object categorization |
| object identification | object identification |
| object orientation | object orientation |
| object perception | object perception |
| object recognition | object recognition |
| oddball | oddball |
| olfaction | smell |
| pain | pain |
| passive attention | passive attention |
| passive listening | passive listening |
| passive viewing | passive viewing |
| perceptual binding | perceptual binding |
| perceptual categorization | perceptual categorization |
| perceptual grouping | |
| perceptual learning | perceptual learning |
| performance monitoring | performance monitoring |
| phonological awareness | phonological awareness |
| phonological buffer | phonological buffer |
| phonological discrimination | phonological discrimination |
| phonological encoding | phonological encoding |
| phonological loop | phonological loop |
| phonological retrieval | phonological retrieval |
| phonological working memory | phonological working memory |
| picture naming | picture naming |
| placebo | |
| placebo effect | |
| plasticity | neuroplasticity , plasticity |
| preconscious perception | preconscious perception |
| procedural knowledge | procedural knowledge |
| procedural learning | procedural learning |
| procedural memory | procedural memories |
| procedural rule | procedural rules |
| processing capacity | processing capacity |
| proprioception | proprioception |
| prospective memory | prospective memories |
| punishment | punishment |
| recognition memory | recognition memories |
| reconsolidation | reconsolidation |
| relational learning | relational learning |
| repressed memory | repressed memories |
| resting state network | resting state |
| reversal learning | reversal learning |
| reward | reward |
| rhyme | rhyming |
| rhythm | rhythm |
| risk aversion | risk aversive |
| risk seeking | risk seeking |
| rule learning | rule learning |
| saccade | saccading , saccades , saccadic |
| sadness | sadness |
| salience | salience |
| satiety | |
| selective attention | selective attention |
| self monitoring | self monitoring |
| self-referential | self-referential |
| self-relevance | self-relevant |
| semantic association | semantic association |
| semantic knowledge | semantic knowledge |
| semantic memory | semantic memories |
| semantic processing | semantic processes |
| semantic working memory | semantic working memory |
| sentence completion | sentence completion |
| sentence comprehension | sentence comprehension |
| sentence production | sentence production |
| sequence learning | sequence learning |
| serial learning | serial learning |
| set shifting | set shifting |
| short term memory | short term memories |
| simple reaction time | simple reaction time |
| skill acquisition | skill acquisition |
| skill learning | skill learning |
| sleep | sleep |
| social cognition | social cognition |
| social intelligence | social intelligence |
| somatosensation | touch |
| somatosensory perception | somatosensory perception |
| source memory | source memories |
| spatial attention | spatial attention |
| spatial cognition | spatial cognition |
| spatial memory | spatial memories |
| spatial working memory | spatial working memory |
| speech perception | speech perception |
| speech processing | speech processing |
| speech production | speech production |
| stop signal | stop signal |
| subliminal perception | subliminal perception |
| subvocal speech | subvocal speech |
| subvocalization | subvocalization |
| surprise | surprise |
| sustained attention | sustained attention |
| synesthesia | synesthesia |
| syntactic processing | syntactic processes |
| target detection | target detection |
| target processing | target processing |
| task switching | task switching |
| temporal discounting | temporal discounting |
| theory of mind | theory of mind |
| timbre | timbre |
| top down processing | top down processes |
| trail making | trail making |
| traumatic memory | traumatic memories |
| uncertainty | uncertainty |
| valence | valence |
| value | valuation |
| vanity | vain |
| verbal memory | verbal memories |
| vision | sight |
| visual attention | visual attention |
| visual buffer | visual buffer |
| visual imagery | visual imagery |
| visual masking | visual masking |
| visual memory | visual memories |
| visual perception | visual perception |
| visual search | visual search |
| visual working memory | visual working memory |
| visuospatial cueing | visuospatial cue |
| visuospatial sketch pad | visuospatial sketch pad |
| word comprehension | word comprehension |
| word identification | word identification |
| word production | word production |
| word recognition | word recognition |
| word repetition | word repetition |
| working memory | working memories , working memory |
| working memory retrieval | working memory retrieval |
| working memory storage | working memory storage |
Method
| Term | Synonyms |
|---|---|
| diffusion tensor imaging | tractography , fractional anisotropy , DTI , diffusion weighted , diffusion tensor |
| electroencephalography | iEEG , electroencephalographic , EEG , ECoG , electroencephalogram |
| functional magnetic resonance imaging | functional magnetic resonance , fMRI |
| magnetoencephalography | MEG , magnetoencephalographic , magnetoencephalogram |
| positron emission tomography | SPECT , single photon emission computed tomography , PET |
| single-unit recording | single-unit , multi-unit recording , local field potentials , local field potential , LFP |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation | transcranial magnetic , TMS , TDCS , transcranial direct current stimulation |
Neurochemical
| Term | Synonyms |
|---|---|
| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| GABA | gamma aminobutyric acid , _-Aminobutyric acid |
| acetylcholine | acetylcholine |
| adenosine | adenosine |
| aldosterone | aldosterone |
| anandamide | N-arachidonoylethanolamine |
| androgen | androgenic hormones , androgens |
| corticotropin-releasing hormone | corticoliberin , corticotropin-releasing factor |
| cortisol | cortisol |
| dopamine | dihydroxyphenethylamine , hydroxytyramine |
| endocannabinoids | endocannabinoid |
| enkephalin | enkephalin |
| epinephrine | adrenaline |
| estradiol | oestradiol |
| estrogen | estrogens , oestrogens |
| glucagon | glucagon |
| glucocorticoid | glucocorticoids |
| glutamate | glutamic acid |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone | luliberin , Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone |
| histamine | histamines |
| human growth hormone | somatotropin |
| insulin | insulin |
| melatonin | N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine |
| norepinephrine | noradrenaline |
| oxytocin | oxytocin |
| parathyroid hormone | parathormone , parathyrin |
| progesterone | progesterone |
| prolactin | luteotropic hormone , prolactin |
| relaxin | relaxin |
| serotonin | 5-Hydroxytryptamine |
| somatostatin | growth hormone-inhibiting hormone , somatotropin release-inhibiting factor |
| testosterone | testosterone |
| thyroid hormone | thyroid hormones |
| thyroid stimulating hormone | thyrotropin |
| thyrotropin-releasing hormone | protirelin , thyroliberin , thyrotropin-releasing factor |
| thyroxine | thyroxine |
| triiodothyronine | triiodothyronine |
| tryptophan | |
| vasopressin | Arginine vasopressin , argipressin , antidiuretic hormone |
Pathology
| Term | Synonyms |
|---|---|
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome , acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| Alzheimer's disease | Alzheimer's |
| Bell's palsy | Bell's palsy |
| Broca's aphasia | Broca's aphasic |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | Creutzfeldt-Jakob |
| Dandy-Walker syndrome | Dandy-Walker |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| Huntington's disease | Huntington's |
| Kluver-Bucy syndrome | Kluver-Bucy |
| Lou Gehrig's disease | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| Parkinson's disease | Parkinson's |
| Tay-Sachs disease | Tay-Sachs |
| Tourette syndrome | Tourette's |
| Wernicke's aphasia | Wernicke's aphasic |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome | Wernicke-Korsakoff |
| William's Syndrome | William's Syndrome |
| addiction | addiction |
| agnosia | agnosic |
| alcoholism | alcoholic |
| amnesia | amnesic |
| anhedonia | anhedonic |
| anorexia | anorexic |
| antisocial personality disorder | antisocial personality |
| anxiety | anxiety |
| aphasia | aphasic |
| apraxia | apraxic |
| ataxia | ataxic |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | attention deficit disorder , ADD , ADHD |
| autism | autistic |
| bipolar disorder | manic depressive , manic depression |
| borderline personality disorder | borderline personality |
| bulimia | bulimic |
| coma | comatose |
| confabulation | confabulatory |
| dementia | demented |
| depression | depressive |
| diabetes | diabetic |
| dysgraphia | dysgraphic |
| dyslexia | dyslexic |
| dyspraxia | dyspraxic |
| epilepsy | epileptic |
| herpes zoster | herpes zoster |
| hydrocephalus | hydrocephalic |
| hypoxia | hypoxiation , hypoxic |
| migraine | migraines |
| multiple sclerosis | multiple sclerosis |
| narcolepsy | narcoleptic |
| neglect | hemineglect , hemispatial neglect |
| obsessive compulsive disorder | OCD , obsessive compulsive |
| panic disorder | panic disorder |
| post-traumatic stress disorder | PTSD , post-traumatic stress , post traumatic stress |
| prosopagnosia | prosopagnosic |
| schizophrenia | schizophrenic |
| seizure | seizures |
| social phobia | social phobic |
| stress | stress |
| stroke | strokes |
| traumatic brain injury | TBI |
| vegetative | vegetative state |
Structure
| Term | Synonyms |
|---|---|
| Broca's area | motor speech area of Broca , convolution of Broca , Broca's speech area , area of Broca , anterior speech cortex , Broca's area |
| Wernicke's area | Wernicke's speech area , area of Wernicke , Wernicke's area |
| abducens nucleus | nucleus of abducens nerve , Nucleus nervi abducentis , abducens nerve nucleus , abducens nuclei , Nucleus abducens |
| adenohypophysis | anterior pituitary |
| amygdala | nucleus amygdalae , Corpus amygdaloideum , archistriatum , amygdaloid nucleus , amygdalar , amygdalae , amygdaloid body , amygdaloid nuclear complex , amygdaloid nuclear groups , Corpus amygdalae |
| angular gyrus | preoccipital gyrus , Gyrus angularis , angular gyri , angular gyrus , Gyrus parietalis inferior , middle part of inferior parietal lobule , prelunate gyrus |
| anterior cingulate gyrus | Gyrus limbicus anterior , anterior cingulate gyri , anterior cingulate , anterior cingulate gyrus , Cortex cingularis anterior , Gyrus cinguli anterior |
| anterior olfactory nucleus | Regio retrobulbaris , retrobulbar region , Nucleus olfactorius anterior , Area retrobulbaris , anterior olfactory nuclei , anterior olfactory nucleus |
| basal forebrain nucleus | nucleus basalis of Meynert , Nucleus basalis Meynert , Nucleus basalis , basal nuclei of Meynert , basal magnocellular nucleus , basal forebrain nuclei , basal nuclei , basal nucleus , basal nucleus of Meynert , ganglion of Meynert , nucleus of substantia innominata |
| basal ganglia | subcortical gray , telencephalic nuclei , Nuclei basales , basal nuclei , corpus striatum , basal ganglia , deep nuclear gray of hemisphere , Ganglia basales |
| basal nucleus of the amygdala | Nucleus basalis amygdalae , Nucleus amygdaloideus basolateralis , Nucleus amygdaloideus basalis , Nucleus amygdalae basalis , intermediate principal nucleus , basolateral nucleus of amygdala , basolateral amygdaloid nucleus , basal nuclei of the amygdala , basal amygdaloid nucleus , basal amygdaloid nuclei |
| calcarine sulcus | Sulcus calcarinus , Fissura calcarina , calcarine sulci , calcarine fissure , calcarine sulcus |
| caudate nucleus | Nucleus caudatus , Caudatus , caudate nuclei , caudate nucleus |
| centromedian nucleus | Nucleus centrum medianum , Nucleus centromedianus thalami , Nucleus centromedianus , Nucleus centri mediani thalami , Centrum medianum thalami , Nucleus centralis centralis , Centrum medianum , centromedian nuclei , centre median nucleus , central magnocellular nucleus of thalamus , centromedian nucleus , centromedian thalamic nucleus , Nucleus centralis thalami |
| cerebellum | epencephalon , Corpus cerebelli , Cerebellar , Cerebellum |
| cingulate gyrus | upper limbic gyrus , Gyrus cinguli , Gyrus cingulatus , Gyri cinguli , cingulate region , cingulate gyri , cingulate area , cingular gyrus , callosomarginal gyrus , cingulate gyrus |
| claustrum | claustrum |
| cochlear nuclei | Nuclei cochleares , cochlear nucleus , cochlear nuclei |
| cuneate nucleus of the medulla | Nucleus restiformis , Nucleus cuneatus , Nucleus cuneatus medialis , cuneate nucleus , cuneate nuclei , Burdach's nucleus |
| dentate gyrus | Fascia dentata hippocampi , Fascia dentata , dentate gyri , area dentata , Gyrus dentatus |
| dentate nucleus | dentate nuclei , Nucleus lateralis cerebelli , Nucleus dentatus cerebelli , Nucleus dentatus , lateral nucleus of cerebellum , dentate nucleus |
| diagonal band | Stria diagonalis , olfactory radiations of Zuckerkandl , gyrus diagonalis rhinencephli , Fasciculus olfactorius hippocampi , Fasciculus olfactorius , diagonal gyrus , Broca's diagonal gyrus , Bandeletta diagonalis , diagonal band of Broca , Fasciculus diagonalis Brocae , Fasciculus olfactorius cornu Ammonis , Gyrus diagonalis , olfactory fasciculus |
| dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve | Nucleus vagalis dorsalis , Nucleus dorsalis motorius nervi vagi , dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve , dorsal motor nuclei , dorsal efferent nucleus of vagus , dorsal motor nucleus , dorsal vagal nucleus , Nucleus alaris , Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi |
| dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | dorsolateral prefrontal cortex , dorsolateral prefrontal cortices , dlpfc |
| dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus | Nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami , dorsomedial nucleus , dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus , dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus , dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus , Nucleus hypothalamicus dorsomedialis |
| emboliform nucleus | Nucleus emboliformis cerebelli , Nucleus interpositus anterior cerebelli , emboliform nuclei , anterior interposed nucleus , anterior interpositus nucleus , emboliform nucleus , Nucleus emboliformis |
| entorhinal area | secondary olfactory cortical area , secondary olfactory cortex , entorhinal cortex , Area entorhinalis ventralis et dorsalis , Area entorhinalis , Cortex entorhinalis , entorhinal , entorhinal area , entorhinal cortices |
| facial nucleus | Nucleus nervi facialis , facial nuclei , facial motor nuclei , branchiomotor nucleus of facial nerve , facial motor nucleus , motor nucleus of VII , Nucleus facialis |
| fastigial nucleus | roof nucleus , Nucleus motorius tecti cerebelli , Nucleus fastigius cerebelli , Nucleus fastigii cerebelli , medial nucleus of cerebellum , fastigial nuclei , fastigial nucleus , Nucleus fastigii |
| frontal eye field | frontal lobe eye field , frontal gaze center , frontal eye fields , frontal motor eye field , voluntary eye field |
| fusiform gyrus | occipitotemporal gyrus , lateral occipito-temporal gyrus , Gyrus occipito-temporalis lateralis , fusiform gyri , fusiform gyrus , Gyrus fusiformis , Gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis , occipitotemporal gyri |
| globose nucleus | Nucleus interpositus posterior cerebelli , Nucleus globosus cerebelli , globose nuclei , Nuclei globosi , globose nucleus , Nucleus globosus , posterior interposed nucleus , posterior interpositus nucleus |
| globus pallidus | pallidum , Nucleus pallidus , globus pallidus , paleostriatum |
| gracile nucleus of the medulla | Nucleus gracilis , gracile nucleus , Goll's nucleus , gracile nuclei , gracile nucleus of the medulla |
| gustatory area | gustatory cortex , gustatory cortices |
| habenula | Nucleus habenularis , Nucleus habenulae , Nuclei habenulares , habenular nuclei , habenulae , Habenula complex , Ganglion interpedunculare , Ganglion intercrurale , habenular , Ganglion habenulae , Habenula |
| hippocampus | hippocampus proper , hippocampuses , hippocampus major , Hippocampi , Hippocampal , Cornu ammonis , Ammon's horn |
| hypoglossal nucleus | |
| hypothalamus | preoptico-hypothalamic region , preoptico-hypothalamic area , hypothalamuses , hypothalamic , Hypothalami |
| indusium griseum | gray stria of Lancisi |
| inferior colliculus | posterior corpus quadrigeminum , posterior colliculus , inferior colliculi , Corpus bigeminum posterioris , Corpus bigeminalis caudalis , Colliculus inferior , Colliculus caudalis , caudal colliculus , inferior colliculus |
| inferior frontal gyrus | Regio subfrontalis , inferior frontal gyri , inferior frontal convolution , inferior frontal , Gyrus frontalis tertius , Gyrus frontalis inferior |
| inferior olive | olivary eminence , inferior olivary eminence , inferior olives |
| inferior parietal lobule | Lobulus parietalis inferior , inferior portion of parietal gyrus , inferior parietal lobules , inferior parietal gyrus , inferior parietal gyri |
| inferior salivatory nucleus | Nucleus salivatorius inferior , Nucleus salivatorius caudalis , Nucleus salivarius inferior , inferior salivatory nuclei , inferior salivatory nucleus |
| inferior temporal gyrus | lateral occipitotemporal gyrus , inferior temporal gyri , Gyrus temporalis inferior , inferior temporal gyrus |
| insula | Lobus insularis , island of Reil , Insulas , insular gyrus , insular , insular cortex , insulae , Insula Reilii , insula lobule , insula cerebri , cortex of island , Cortex insularis , insular lobe |
| interstitial nucleus of Cajal | Nucleus interstitialis Cajal , interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus , interstitial nuclei of Cajal , interstitial nucleus of Cajal |
| intralaminar nuclear group | Nuclei intralaminares , nonspecific thalamic , intralaminar thalamic nuclei , intralaminar nuclei of thalamus , intralaminar nuclei , intralaminar nuclear group |
| lateral geniculate nucleus | Nucleus geniculatus lateralis dorsalis , Nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis , lateral geniculate nuclei , lateral geniculate body , lateral geniculate bodies , dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body , dorsal nuclei of lateral geniculate body , dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus , Corpus geniculatum laterale |
| lingual gyrus | medial occipitotemporal gyrus , lingula of cerebral hemisphere , lingual gyri , Gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis , Gyrus lingualis , lingual gyrus |
| locus ceruleus | Substantia ferruginea , Nucleus pigmentosus pontis , nucleus of locus caeruleus , Locus caeruleus , Locus coeruleus , locus ceruleus |
| mammillary body | Corpora mamillaria , mammillary bodies , mamillary body , Corpus mammillare , Corpus mamillaris , Corpus mamillare , Corpora mammillaria |
| medial dorsal nucleus | Nucleus thalamicus mediodorsalis , Nucleus mediodorsalis thalami , Nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami , Nucleus medialis dorsalis , Nucleus dorsomedialis thalami , Nuclei mediales thalami , mediodorsal thalamic nucleus , mediodorsal nucleus , mediodorsal nuclei , medial thalamic nucleus , medial thalamic nuclei , medial dorsal thalamic nucleus , medial dorsal nuclei , dorsomedial nucleus , dorsomedial nuclear group , dorsal medial nucleus of thalamus , dorsomedial nuclei , medial nuclear group |
| medial frontal gyrus | medial frontal gyri , Gyrus frontalis superior pars medialis , Gyrus frontalis medialis |
| medial geniculate body | Nucleus geniculatus medialis , Nucleus corporis geniculati medialis , medial geniculate nucleus , medial geniculate bodies , medial geniculate nuclei , Corpus geniculatus medialis , Corpus geniculatum mediale , medial geniculate body |
| medial parietal gyrus | medial parietal gyri , Gyrus parietalis medialis |
| medial prefrontal cortex | medial prefrontal cortices , medial prefrontal cortex |
| medulla | medulla oblongata , medulla |
| mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve | Nucleus tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini , Nucleus tractus mesencephalici nervi trigemini , Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigeminalis , mesencephalic nucleus , mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve |
| middle frontal gyrus | middle frontal gyri , intermediate frontal gyrus , Gyrus frontalis secundus , Gyrus frontalis medius , Gyrus frontalis medialis |
| middle temporal gyrus | middle temporal gyri , Gyrus temporalis medius , intermediate temporal gyrus , middle temporal gyrus |
| neurohypophysis | posterior pituitary |
| nucleus accumbens | Nucleus accumbens septi , colliculus of caudate nucleus , Colliculus nuclei caudati , accumbens nucleus , accumbens nuclei , nucleus accumbens |
| nucleus ambiguus | Nucleus innominatus , ambiguus nucleus , ambiguus nuclei , nucleus ambiguus , Nucleus ambiguus |
| oculomotor nuclear complex | oculomotor nuclei , nucleus of oculomotor nerve , Nucleus oculomotorius , Nucleus nervi oculomotorii , oculomotor nucleus , oculomotor nuclear complex |
| olfactory bulb | Bulbus olfactorius , olfactory bulb |
| operculum | posterior part of inferior frontal gyrus , Pars posterior of inferior frontal gyrus , Pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris , opercular portion of inferior frontal gyrus , operculum |
| orbital gyri | orbital cortex , orbital area , Gyrus orbitofrontalis , gyrus orbitalis longitudinalis , Gyrus orbitalis , Gyri orbitales , Cortex orbitofrontalis , orbitofrontal region , orbitofrontal gyrus , orbitofrontal cortices , orbitofrontal gyri , orbitofrontal cortex , orbital cortices , orbital gyri |
| parahippocampal gyrus | parahippocampal gyri , hippocampal gyrus , hippocampal gyri , Gyrus parahippocampi , Gyrus parahippocampalis , Gyrus hippocampi , parahippocampal gyrus |
| periaqueductal | periaqueductal grey , periaqueductal gray |
| perirhinal area | perirhinal cortices , perirhinal cortex , Area perirhinalis , perirhinal area |
| periventricular nucleus | periventricular nuclei |
| pineal body | Glandula pinealis , Epiphysis cerebri , Epiphysis , Corpus pineale , Conarium , pineal body |
| planum temporale | planum temporale |
| pons | Pons Varolii , pons cerebri |
| pontine nuclei | Nucleus pontis , Nuclei pontis , Nuclei brachii pontis , pontine nuclei |
| postcentral gyrus | postrolandic gyrus , postrolandic gyri , PoG , Gyrus centralis posterior , Gyrus postcentralis , postcentral gyrus , postcentral gyri , posterior central gyrus |
| posterior cingulate gyrus | posterior cingulate , posterior cingulate gyri , Gyrus cinguli posterior , Gyrus limbicus posterior , posterior cingulate gyrus |
| posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus | posterior nucleus , posterior nuclei , posterior hypothalamic area , Area hypothalamica posterior , Area posterior hypothalami , Nucleus hypothalamicus posterior , posterior hypothalamic nucleus , posterior nucleus of hypothalamus , posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus |
| posterior parahippocampal gyrus | posterior parahippocampal gyri , posterior parahippocampal gyrus |
| precuneus | quadrate lobule , precuneate lobule , Praecuneus |
| prefrontal cortex | prefrontal cortices , prefrontal cortex |
| premotor cortex | promotor cortex , premotor cortices , intermediate precentral cortex , premotor area , premotor cortex |
| primary auditory area | primary auditory cortices , primary auditory cortex , primary auditory area |
| primary motor cortex | primary motor cortices , precentral motor cortex , precentral motor area , motor strip , motor cortices , motor cortex , motor area , primary motor area |
| primary somesthetic area | somatosensory strip , somatic afferent area , primary somesthetic cortex , primary somatosensory cortices , primary somatosensory cortex , primary somatic sensory area , postcentral tactile area , primary somesthetic area |
| primary visual cortex | primary visual cortices , striate cortex |
| pulvinar | Pulvinar thalami , pulvinar nucleus , pulvinar nuclei , Nucleus pulvinaris thalami , Nucleus pulvinaris , Nuclei pulvinares |
| putamen | Nucleus putamen |
| raphe nuclei | Nucleus of the raphe , Nucleus raphe , Nuclei raphes , Nuclei raphae , raphe nuclei |
| red nucleus | red nuclei , Nucleus ruber tegmenti , Nucleus ruber , Nucleus rotundus subthalamo-peduncularis , red nucleus |
| reticular nucleus of the thalamus | thalamic reticular nucleus , thalamic reticular nuclei , reticular thalamic nuclei , reticular nuclear group , Nucleus thalamicus reticularis , Nucleus reticularis thalami , Nucleus reticularis , reticular nucleus of the thalamus , reticular thalamic nucleus |
| second auditory area | second auditory cortices , second auditory cortex , second auditory area |
| secondary somesthetic area | secondary sensory cortices , secondary sensory cortex , second somatic sensory area , secondary somesthetic area |
| septum | Septum telencephali , Massa praecommissuralis , septum |
| solitary nucleus | solitary nuclei , solitary nuclear complex , Nucleus tractus solitarii , Nucleus tracti solitarii , nucleus of tractus solitarius , nucleus of the solitary tract , nucleus of solitary tract , Nucleus fasciculus solitarius , Nuclei tractus solitarii , Nucleus solitarius |
| straight gyrus | rectus gyrus , ventromedial gyrus , rectal gyrus , rectal gyri , medial part of gyri orbitales , gyrus rectus |
| stria terminalis | Stria semicircularis , semicircular stria , Fibrae striae terminalis , fibrae striae terminalis , stria semicircularis |
| striatum | neostriatum , Corpus striatum |
| subiculum | subiculum hippocampi , subiculum |
| substantia nigra | Nucleus pigmentosus subthalamo-peduncularis , nucleus of basis pedunculi , substantia nigra |
| subthalamic nucleus | subthalamic nuclei , Nucleus subthalamicus , nucleus of Luys , Corpus subthalamicum , Corpus Luysi , Corpus hypothalamicum , body of Luys , body of Forel |
| superior colliculus | superior colliculi , optic tectum , cranial colliculus , Corpus quadrigeminum superius , Colliculus superior , Colliculus rostralis , anterior corpus quadrigeminum , anterior colliculus , Colliculus bigeminalis oralis , Colliculus cranialis , superior colliculus |
| superior frontal gyrus | superior frontal gyri , marginal gyrus , Gyrus frontalis superior , Gyrus frontalis primus , marginal gyri , superior frontal convolution , superior frontal gyrus |
| superior olive | superior olivary nucleus , Oliva superior , Nucleus olivaris superioris , Nucleus olivaris metencephali , Nucleus olivaris rostralis , superior olivary nuclei , superior olives |
| superior parietal lobule | superior portion of parietal gyrus , superior parietal gyri , Lobulus parietalis superior , Gyrus parietalis superior , superior parietal lobule |
| superior salivatory nucleus | superior salivatory nuclei , Nucleus salivatorius superior , Nucleus salivatorius cranialis , Nucleus salivarius superior , Nucleus salivatorius rostralis |
| superior temporal gyrus | superior temporal gyri , Gyrus temporalis superior |
| supplementary motor cortex | supplementary motor cortices , supplementary motor area , supplementary motor areas |
| suprachiasmatic nucleus | suprachiasmatic nuclei , Nucleus suprachiasmaticus hypothalami |
| temporal operculum | supratemporal plane , Operculum temporale , facies supratemporalis , temporal operculum |
| temporal pole | Polus temporalis |
| temporoparietal junction | temporoparietal junction |
| thalamus | Thalamus dorsalis , thalamuses , thalami , thalamencephalon , thalamus opticus |
| transverse temporal gyrus | Heschl's gyrus , transverse temporal gyri , Heschl's gyri , gyri of Heschl , convolutions of Heschl , Gyri temporales transversi , Heschl's convolutions |
| trapezoid body | trapezoid bodies , Corpus trapezoideum , corpus trapezoides |
| trochlear nucleus | |
| tuber cinereum | tuber cinereum |
| ventral anterior nucleus | ventroanterior thalamic nucleus , ventroanterior thalamic nuclei , ventral anterior thalamic nucleus , ventral anterior thalamic nuclei , ventral anterior nuclei , Nucleus ventralis thalami anterior , Nucleus ventralis anterior thalami , Nucleus ventralis anterior , Nucleus lateropolaris |
| ventral posterior nucleus | ventrobasal nucleus , ventrobasal nuclei , ventrobasal complex , ventral posterior thalamic nucleus , ventral posterior nuclei , ventral posterior thalamic nuclei , Nucleus ventralis posterior , Nuclei ventrales posteriores |
| ventral posterolateral nucleus | ventral posterolateral thalamic nuclei , ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus , ventral posterolateral nuclei , Nucleus ventralis thalami posterior lateralis , Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami , Nucleus ventralis posterolateralis , Nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis thalami , posterolateral ventral nucleus of thalamus , ventral posterolateral nucleus , ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus |
| ventral posteromedial nucleus | ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus , ventral posteromedial nuclei , ventral posterior medial nucleus , ventral posterior medial nuclei , semilunar nucleus , posteromedial ventral nucleus of thalamus , Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis , Nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami , Nucleus arcuatus thalami , arcuate nucleus of thalamus , Nucleus semilunaris thalami , Nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami , thalamic gustatory nucleus , ventral posteromedial nucleus |
| ventral tegmental area | ventral tegmental nucleus of Tsai , ventral tegmental area of Tsai , Area tegmentalis ventralis |
| vestibular nuclei | vestibular nucleus , vestibular nuclear complex , Nuclei vestibulares , vestibular nuclei |
| visual extrastriate | visual extrastriate cortices , visual extrastriate cortex |
| zona incerta | zona incerta |
White Matter
| Term | Synonyms |
|---|---|
| anterior forceps of the corpus callosum | anterior forceps , forceps frontalis , forceps minor corporis callosi , forceps minor of corpus callosum , frontal forceps |
| anterior thalamic radiations | anterior thalamic radiation , radiationes thalamicae anteriores |
| arcuate fasciculus | fibrae arcuatae cerebri |
| cerebral peduncle | pedunculi cerebri , pedunculus cerebralis , pedunculus cerebri |
| cingulum | cingulum |
| corona radiata | corona radiata |
| corpus callosum | commissura magna , interhemispheric commissure |
| corticospinal tract | corticospinal fibers , fasciculus cerebro-spinalis , fibrae corticospinales , tractus corticospinalis |
| cranial nerves | nervi craniales , nervi encephalici |
| external capsule | capsula externa |
| extreme capsule | capsula extrema |
| fornix | fornix cerebri |
| genu of the corpus callosum | genu corpus callosi , genu of corpus callosum , rostrum of corpus callosum |
| genu of the internal capsule | genu capsulae internae , genu of the internal capsule |
| inferior cerebellar peduncle | corpus restiforme , crus cerebelli ad medullam oblongatam , crus medullo-cerebellare , inferior cerebellar peduncle , pedunculus cerebellaris caudalis , pedunculus cerebellaris inferior , restiform body |
| inferior longitudinal fasciculus | external sagittal stratum , fasciculus longitudinalis inferior , inferior longitudinal fasciculus |
| inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus | fasciculus occipito-frontalis inferior , fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior , inferior frontooccipital fasciculus |
| internal capsule | capsula interna , internal capsule radiations |
| medial lemniscus | laqueus medialis , lemniscus medialis , lemniscus sensibilis , lemniscus sensitivus , median fillet , mesial fillet , tractus bulbo-thalamicus |
| middle cerebellar peduncle | brachium pontis , crus cerebelli ad pontem , crus ponto-cerebellare , pedunculus cerebellaris medius |
| posterior forceps of the corpus callosum | forceps major corporis callosi , forceps occipitalis , occipital forceps , posterior forceps |
| posterior thalamic radiations | posterior thalamic radiation , radiationes thalamicae posteriores |
| splenium of the corpus callosum | corpus callosum splenium , splenium |
| subcallosal fasciculus | fasciculus occipito-frontalis superior , fasciculus occipitofrontalis superior , fasciculus subcallosus , stratum subcallosum , subcallosal bundle , superior fronto-occipital bundle , superior occipitofrontal fasciculus |
| superior cerebellar peduncle | brachium conjunctivum , crus cerebello-cerebrale , pedunculus cerebellaris cranialis , pedunculus cerebellaris rostralis , pedunculus cerebellaris superior , tractus cerebello-tegmentalis mesencephali |
| superior longitudinal fasciculus | fasciculus longitudinalis superior |
| tapetum | tapetum |
| uncinate fasciculus of the forebrain | fasciculus uncinatus , uncinate fasciculus of cerebral hemisphere |